16th Century German Astronomical mphete

Pafupi ndi chikondi, dziko lotseguka

Valani chilengedwe chonse chala chanu!

Kufotokozera Mapangidwe

Mphete ya Mpira wa Astronomy ya 16th Century idapangidwa koyambirira m'zaka za m'ma 1530 ndi Gemma Frisius, wopenda nyenyezi wotchuka waku Germany, wafilosofi, komanso wopanga zida. Kalelo, mpheteyo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chofotokozera nthawi ndikuthandizira pakuyenda.

Ndipo lero, mothandizidwa ndi amisiri amakono aluso, mphete yodabwitsa ya cosmic tsopano yasinthidwa kukhala mpira wokongola wa zakuthambo wa mpesa. Sikuti ili ndi zizindikiro za nyenyezi za chilengedwe chonse, komanso imayimira moyo ndi chikondi.

Chikondi zaka 500 zapitazo, "Kutseka ndi chikondi, kutsegula ndi dziko".

mbali

• 【Pang'onopang'ono ya Thupi】Kuphatikizikako ndi mphete yofewa, yovumbuluka ndi mpira wakuthambo, kuyesa kwa chala kubisa chilengedwe chonse. Pamene magulu osiyanasiyana amawululidwa, mphetezo zimakhala ndi khalidwe lapadera.
• 【Mapangidwe Apadera】 Cholembedwa ndi zizindikiro zakuthambo kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, Zodiac, zilembo zakale zachi Greek, magulu a nyenyezi, ndi zina zambiri. Kudikirira zomwe mwapeza.
• 【Zinthu Zosadziteteza】 Zimapangidwa mwaluso komanso zolembedwa mosamala kuti zikwaniritse chidwi chanu chachilengedwe.
• 【Valani m'njira ziwiri】Valani ngati mphete ... kapena ngati penti yolendewera pakhosi lanu lomwe mumakonda. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zimawonjezera kukhudza kokongola kwambiri pazovala zatsiku ndi tsiku!
• 【Zachikondi Kwa Iye/Kwa Iye】Chinthu chachikondi kwambiri chomwe ndingaganizire ndikungokupatsani dziko lonse lapansi. Ndi mphatso yabwino kwa inu nokha, anzanu kapena mabanja, ndi ena onse okonda zakuthambo kunja uko.

Ngati sichoncho, yezani chala chanu:

1. Mangirirani pepala pa chala chanu, pamwamba pa knuckle, ndipo lembani pomwe mbali ziwirizo zikufikira.
2. Yezerani pepala kuchokera pamndandanda kupita ku chizindikiro kuti mupeze kuzungulira kwa mphete yanu (mm).
3. Chongani Pansipa Kukula Kwa mphete kuti mupeze kukula kwanu.

Mphete ya zakuthambo ndi njira yakale imene anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kudziwa kumene kuli dzuŵa. Mphetezi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi matabwa, mwala kapena galasi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapakidwa utoto wakuda kapena woyera. Iwo ndi olondola kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kulondola kumadalira luso la munthu amene amawapanga, ndi mikhalidwe yomwe amayezera.

Mbiri ya Astronomical Rings

Agiriki akale anatulukira zinthu zambiri zimene zikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, kuphatikizapo kampasi ndi telesikopu. Anayambitsanso lingaliro la ziro, lomwe tsopano limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa masamu. Kupanga kwawo kotchedwa astrolabe kunapangitsa akatswiri a zakuthambo kuyeza malo a zinthu zakuthambo monga nyenyezi ndi mapulaneti. Izi zinapangitsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zakuthambo, kuyenda panyanja, kujambula mapu ndi kufufuza.

Mu 1674, Sir Isaac Newton anafalitsa chiphunzitso chake cha mphamvu yokoka ya m’chilengedwe chonse, imene inanena kuti chinthu chilichonse chimakopa chinthu china chilichonse chochizungulira ndi mphamvu yoyenderana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo komanso mosagwirizana ndi sikweya ya mtunda wapakati pa zinthuzo. Ntchito yake inayala maziko a makina akale komanso physics yamakono.

Lamulo la kuziziritsa la Newton limanena kuti kutentha kumayenda modzidzimutsa kuchokera ku matupi otentha kupita ku ozizira. Anapezanso malamulo oyendayenda ndi optics.

Mitundu ya mphete zakuthambo

Pali njira zingapo zoyika zinthu zakuthambo potengera momwe zimazungulira moyandikira chinthu china. Njira zimenezi zimatchedwa mapulaneti. Ngati mungaganizire, pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya mapulaneti: aja omwe pulaneti limodzi limazungulira nyenyezi, ndi pomwe mapulaneti angapo amazungulira nyenyezi imodzi. Kusiyanaku kumakhala kofunikira chifukwa dongosolo lililonse limakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amakhudza momwe dongosolo limasinthira pakapita nthawi.

M’dongosolo lathu la mapulaneti ozungulira dzuŵa, Dzuwa ndilo pakati pa chilichonse. Mapulaneti onse amazungulira Dzuwa, ndipo Mwezi umazungulira dziko lapansi. Dzuwa lathu lozungulira dzuŵa limadziwika kuti pulaneti limodzi chifukwa Dzuwa ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe limazungulira nyenyezi yapakati. Mapulaneti amodzi amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa nyenyezi zofanana ndi Dzuwa lathu. Nyenyezi zina zilibe mapulaneti nkomwe, pamene zina zimakhala ndi mapulaneti angapo.

Mapulaneti amatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu:

1. Njira Zozungulira - Pulaneti limodzi limazungulira nyenyezi.

2. Njira Zozungulira - Mapulaneti awiri amazungulira nyenyezi.

3. Njira Zomveka - Mapulaneti atatu kapena kuposerapo amazungulira nyenyeziyo. Pulaneti lililonse lili m’malo omveka bwino, kutanthauza kuti mtunda wa pakati pa mapulanetiwo ndi wofanana ndi kachigawo kakang’ono ka nthawi ya orbital ya dziko lakutali kwambiri.

Dzuwa mphete

Mphete ya dzuŵa ndi chipangizo chomwe chimayesa malo a Dzuwa mumlengalenga. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mphete za dzuwa", ngakhale mawuwa nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chipangizo china.

Mphete yadzuwa imakhala ndi mkono wopingasa wolumikizidwa ndi ndodo yowongoka. Pamapeto pake pa mkono pali chimbale chaching'ono, pamene china ndi chimbale chachikulu. Chimbale chaching'ono chimaponya mthunzi pansi, pomwe diski yayikulu sichita. Pamene Dzuwa likuyenda mumlengalenga, limapanga mthunzi padziko lapansi. Dzuwa likafika m'mphepete mwa disc yaying'ono, mthunzi umagwera pansi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti Dzuwa lili pamwamba pamutu. Ngati mthunzi ugwera pa disc yayikulu, Dzuwa limakhala lotsika mumlengalenga. Pamenepa, Dzuwa likulowa kapena kutuluka.

Kuwonjezera pa kusonyeza ngati Dzuwa lili pamwamba kapena lotsika, kutuluka kwa dzuwa kungakuuzeni kuti Dzuwa lili kutali bwanji. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mthunzi uli pakati pa ma disc awiri, Dzuwa limakhala pafupi theka la mlengalenga.

Ulendo wa Sundial kapena Universal Equinoctal Ring Dial

Woyendera dzuwa amagwiritsa ntchito mithunzi yowombedwa ndi kuwala kuti adziwe nthawi ya masana. Zida zimenezi zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apaulendo kuyambira kalekale. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, apaulendo ankanyamula mapepala ang'onoang'ono a m'thumba otchedwa "mphete zapaulendo". Anthu apaulendo ankatha kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi kuti adziwe nthawi imene ili kunyumba, ngakhale kuti analibe wotchi.

Zolemba zakale zodziwika bwino za dzuŵa za apaulendo zinayamba nthawi ya Aroma. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali m’nthawi ya Ufumu wa Roma. Asilikali ankafunika kudziwa nthawi ya m’deralo poyenda chifukwa ankafunika kuonetsetsa kuti afika kumene ankapitako kusanade.

M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, apaulendo ankanyamula timapepala tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timatchedwa mphete zapaulendo. Nthawi zambiri ankapangidwa ndi matabwa, zitsulo kapena minyanga ya njovu. Chitsanzo chakale kwambiri chomwe chilipo ndi cha m'zaka za zana la 13.

Masiku ano, ma sundial amakono a apaulendo ndi digito. Zitsanzo zina zimaphatikizapo solar panel, batire ndi skrini yowonetsera; ena amangofuna gwero lamagetsi monga USB. Zitsanzo zambiri zimakhala ndi makonda osinthika.

Mphete ya Nyanja

Mphete ya m'nyanja ndi imodzi mwa njira zakale kwambiri zodziwira nthawi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mphete zapanyanja, kuphatikiza kuyimba kwa dzuwa, kuyimba kwa mwezi, ndi wotchi yamadzi. Zida zimenezi zimagwiritsa ntchito malo a Dzuwa kapena Mwezi kusonyeza nthawi.

A sundial ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza ndime ya Nthawi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zida zakunja, ngakhale zomasulira zina zamkati zilipo. Ma sundial ndi othandiza kwambiri chifukwa amakulolani kuwona nthawi popanda kuyang'ana wotchi, wotchi, kapena foni.

Kapangidwe ndi Ntchito

Kukwera kwadzuwa kumatanthauza mbali yomwe ili pakati pa dzuŵa ndi mlengalenga. Mbali imeneyi imasintha tsiku lonse komanso nyengo. M’nyengo yozizira, dzuŵa limatuluka m’mwamba m’mwamba pamene limalowa m’nyengo yachilimwe.

Nthawi zambiri kukwera kwa dzuwa kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo. Mwachitsanzo, mumzinda wa New York, dzuŵa limatuluka cha m’ma 9 koloko m’mawa ndi kuloŵa cha m’ma 5 koloko masana. Komabe, ku Phoenix, Arizona, dzuŵa limatuluka cha m’ma 7 koloko m’mawa ndi kuloŵa cha m’ma 3 koloko masana.

Pali zida zambiri zoyezera kukwera kwa dzuwa. Anthu ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kampasi ndi protractor. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito laser range finder kapena GPS.

mphete zakuthambo

Nthawi ya Renaissance inali nthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu ku Western Civilization. Panthawi imeneyi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zojambulajambula inakula, kuphatikizapo zodzikongoletsera. Zodzikongoletsera zinakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo masitayelo ambiri adawonekera. Sitayilo imodzi yomwe inayamba panthawiyi inali mphete. Mphete poyamba zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza umwini, koma posakhalitsa zinakhala zizindikiro za chikondi ndi chikondi. Ndipotu mphete zina zakale kwambiri zinkapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva. Komabe, m’zaka mazana pambuyo pake, mphete zinakhala zosafunikira kwenikweni, ndipo zinaloŵedwa m’malo ndi mikanda. Masiku ano, timagwiritsabe ntchito mphete monga zizindikiro za ubwenzi ndi chikondi.

17th Century Foldable Ring Kutengera Chida Chakale Chakuthambo

Mphetezi zidavala ndi asayansi m'zaka zonse za zana la 17. Zinali zozikidwa pa chida chakale cha zakuthambo chotchedwa armillary sphere —chipangizo choyezera zinthu zakuthambo monga nyenyezi ndi mapulaneti. Mtundu wamakono wa mpheteyi tsopano ukuperekedwa pa intaneti.

Mphetezo zinapangidwa ndi mphete zingapo zomwe zinkayenda pamodzi kuti zikhale zozungulira. Mphete iliyonse inali ndi mbali imodzi yolembedwa zizindikiro zoimira zizindikiro za nyenyezi. Pa chala chilichonse panali mphete zinayi; tiwiri ting’onoting’ono pa chala chachikulu ndi cha m’tsogolo, ndi ziwiri zazikulu pa zala zapakati ndi zazing’ono. Mphetezo zinkatha kupindika kuti zikhale zophatikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzinyamula.

Mtundu uwu wa mphete ukugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri lero. Ndipotu anthu ambiri amavala imodzi chifukwa chooneka bwino. Palinso makampani ena omwe amagulitsa zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimatengera kapangidwe kake.

Mphetezo zimatchedwa mabwalo ankhondo chifukwa amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a zida zankhondo, zomwe ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza zochitika zakuthambo. Zida zankhondo zidayamba m'zaka za zana lachitatu BC, koma mpaka 3 pomwe Galileo Galilei adapanga chida chake. Mapangidwe ake anachokera ku ntchito ya Ptolemy, katswiri wa zakuthambo wachigiriki wakale yemwe anakhalako cha m’ma 1603 AD.

Zomwe Galileo anatulukira zinali ndi mphete zitatu zomangirira pamodzi ndi mahinji. Mphete iliyonse inali ndi kukula kwake ndi m’mimba mwake mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zinkathandiza wogwiritsa ntchito kudziwa kumene kuli dzuŵa, mwezi, mapulaneti, nyenyezi, ndi zina zotero, malinga ndi kutalika kwa mphetezo.

Masiku ano, mabwalo ankhondo akugwiritsidwabe ntchito pofufuza malo a zinthu zakuthambo. Komabe, sizothandiza nthawi zonse kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, mungafune chinthu chaching'ono kusiyana ndi bwalo lankhondo lalikulu ngati mukufuna kutsata mayendedwe a mwezi pa kadamsana.

Mphete ya zakuthambo - Chida Chakale cha zakuthambo

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku Germany, dzina lake Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, anapanga chipangizo chimene anachitcha kuti “mphete yaikulu ya zakuthambo,” yomwe inam’thandiza kuŵerengera malo amene mapulaneti ali kumwamba usiku. Kutulukira kumeneku kunadziwika kuti telesikopu ya Argand chifukwa inkaoneka ngati galasi lalikulu kwambiri. Mpheteyo inali ndi magawo atatu: diski yapakati, mikono iwiri yotuluka kuchokera kumbali zonse zapakati, ndi chogwirira chaching'ono chomwe chimamangiriridwa kumapeto kwa mikono. Pamene chogwiririracho chinatembenuzidwa, manja amasunthira kunja kapena mkati, zomwe zimalola wowonera kusintha kukula kwa kutsegula pakati pa mphete.

Ma telescope a Argand poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza mtunda wa zinthu zakumwamba, monga mwezi kapena dzuwa. Komanso, nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito kudziwa kukula kwa mapulaneti. Poyesa mbali ya kuwala komwe kumawonekera kuchokera ku Jupiter, asayansi amatha kuyerekezera kukula kwa pulaneti.

Zida zimenezi zinali zodula kwambiri ndipo zinkafunika anthu aluso. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akatswiri a zakuthambo ambiri sankawagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. M’malo mwake, ankadalira zipangizo zosavuta, monga zotumizira mauthenga, zomwe zinkayeza makona a kunyulira. Komabe, zida zimenezi sizikanatha kupereka miyeso yolondola ya mtunda wa mapulaneti.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, makina oonera zakuthambo a Argand anali atasiya kukondedwa ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo. Koma masiku ano, anthu ambiri amavala mphete zofanana ndi zimene Argand ankagwiritsa ntchito powerengera. Mphete izi zimatchedwa "mawilo a dzuwa." Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo, matabwa, kapena pulasitiki ndipo amakhala ndi dzenje lozungulira pakati.

Mtundu umodzi wotchuka wa mawilo adzuwa ndiwo “dole la dzuwa.” Kuyimba kwadzuwa kumagwira ntchito ngati chida choyambirira cha Argand. Amakulolani kuti muwone nthawi yeniyeni ya tsiku malinga ndi kumene dzuŵa lili kumwamba. Mukungotembenuza choyimbacho kuti mugwirizane ndi mthunzi wopangidwa ndi dzuwa ndi zolembera pankhope ya kuyimba. Mawilo a dzuwa samangosonyeza nthawi ya tsiku. Zitsanzo zina zimakhala ndi kampasi mkati mwa bwalo, pamene zina zimakhala ndi sikelo yomwe imakulolani kuyeza kutalika kwa mithunzi.

Mphatso Kwa Okonza | Mphete ya zakuthambo yaku Germany ya 16th Century | Chizindikiro cha Chikondi

Mphete ya Mpira wa Astronomy ya 16th Century idapangidwa koyambirira m'zaka za m'ma 1530 ndi Gemma Frisius, wopenda nyenyezi wotchuka waku Germany, wafilosofi, komanso wopanga zida. Kalelo, mphete yopindayo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chofotokozera nthawi komanso kuthandizira pakuyenda.

Ndipo lero, mothandizidwa ndi amisiri aluso, mphete yodabwitsa ya cosmic tsopano yasandulika kukhala mpira wokongola wa zakuthambo wa mpesa. Sikuti ili ndi zizindikiro za nyenyezi za chilengedwe chonse, komanso imayimira moyo ndi chikondi.

zinapanga:

• Mphete ya Thupi Yotsogola: Kuphatikizikako ndi mphete yosalala ya zodiac, kuwululidwa ndi mpira wakuthambo, kuyesa kwa chala kubisa chilengedwe chonse. Pamene magulu osiyanasiyana akukongoletsedwa, mphete zokongoletsera zimatenga khalidwe lapadera.
• Mapangidwe Apadera: Amajambula ndi zizindikiro zakuthambo kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, Zodiac, zilembo zakale zachi Greek, magulu a nyenyezi, ndi zina zambiri. Kudikirira zomwe mwapeza.
• Rustproof Material: Zinthu zake zolemera zachitsulo zidapangidwa mwaluso ndikulembedwa mosamalitsa kuti mukwaniritse chidwi chanu chakuthambo.
• Valani m'njira ziwiri: Valani ngati mphete ... kapena ngati penti yolendewera pafupi ndi mkanda womwe mumakonda. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zimawonjezera kukhudza kokongola kwambiri pazovala zatsiku ndi tsiku!
• Zachikondi Kwa Iye / Iye (Unisex mphete): Chinthu chachikondi kwambiri chomwe ndingaganizire ndikungokupatsani dziko lonse lapansi. Ndi mphatso yabwino kwa inu nokha, anzanu kapena mabanja, ndi ena onse okonda zakuthambo kunja uko.